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Figure 1 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Figure 1

From: Direct transdifferentiation of spermatogonial stem cells to morphological, phenotypic and functional hepatocyte-like cells via the ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 signaling pathways and the inactivation of cyclin A, cyclin B and cyclin E

Figure 1

A novel protocol for transdifferentiation of SSCs to mature hepatocyte-like cells and their morphological features. (A) Schematic diagram showed the procedures for inducing SSCs to transdifferentiate to mature hepatocyte-like cells. (B-E) Morphology was characterized for SSCs (B), hepatic stem-like cells (C), small hepatocytes (D), and mature hepatocyte-like cells (E). Scale bars in B, C, D, and E = 50 μm. (F-G) Ultrastructure of hepatic stem cells (F) and mature hepatocyte-like cells (G) from SSCs. Note: mitochondria (Mi), endoplasmic reticulum (Er), lysosome (Ly), Golgi apparatus (Go), and chromatin (Ch), nucleus (Nu). Scale bars in F and G= 2 μm.

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X