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Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiac emergencies with high morbidity and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since MI could develop into a life-threatening emergency and could also s...
Abnormal vasculature is one of the most conspicuous traits of tumor tissue, largely contributing to tumor immune evasion. The deregulation mainly arises from the potentiated pro-angiogenic factors secretion an...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an enhancer of Treg responses, but the mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to solve this problem in view of cellular metabolism.
NOS2 expression is mostly found in bacteria-exposed or cytokine-treated tissues and is mostly connected to innate immune reactions. There are three isoforms of NOS2 (NOS2-1 to -3). In RNA-seq data sets, analyz...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has vascular-rich features. The S100A4/non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) axis contributes to aggressive phenotypes in a variety of human malignanci...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. More than 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) alpha positive. Compared with ER alpha-negative breast cancer, which is more aggressive an...
The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of mechanisms. After that, scientists focuse...
As an important mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis, autophagy exerts critical functions via degrading misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Recent years, alternative autophagy, a new type of autop...
Unphosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (U-STAT1) has been reported to elicit a distinct gene expression profile as compared to tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (P-STAT1) homodimers. H...
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy is a type of adoptive immunotherapy that due to its high proliferation rate and anti-tumor characteristics, is being investigated to treat various solid tumors. Since...
Tumor cells tend to utilize glycolysis rather than aerobic respiration even under aerobic conditions. OVOL2, an inhibitory C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, is a potential tumor suppressor in cancers. How...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers. Due to limited strategies for effective treatments, patients with advanced HCC have a very poor prognosis. This study aims to identify new insig...
The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in premenopausal women is significantly lower than that of men of the same age, suggesting protective roles of estrogen for the cardiovascular system against CHD. ...
Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality throughout the world at present. Repositioning of existing drugs for other diseases is a promising strategy for cancer therapies, which may rapidly...
Integrin β4 (ITGB4) participates in tumorigenesis and progression of several malignancies, but its role and related mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear.
As a class of the opioid receptors, the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has been verified to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human malignant tumors. However, a thorough understanding of whether...
KRAS mutation is one of the dominant gene mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC). Up to present, targeting KRAS for CRC treatment remains a clinical challenge. WNT974 (LGK974) is a porcupine inhibitor that inter...
Store-operated channels (SOCs) are highly selective Ca2+ channels that mediate Ca2+ influx in non-excitable and excitable (i.e., skeletal and cardiac muscle) cells. These channels are triggered by Ca2+ depleti...
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) α, a member of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 family, reportedly plays a role in ...
Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy remains a major challenge for the clinical treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CYP1B1, a critical enzyme that catalyzes the conver...
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) represents an efficient therapeutic method for atherosclerosis but conveys a risk of causing restenosis. Endothelial colony-forming cell-derived exosomes (...
CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disease, and various etiological factors like bacterial superantigens are known to develop this disease. Recent studies reported that Staphylococcus aureus nasal...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their released extracellular vesicles (Evs) have shown protective effects against kidney diseases. This study aims to study the functions of umbilical cord MSCs-released Evs (...
Lung cancer is the second most common and the leading cause of cancer related deaths globally. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are among the common therapeutic strategies in lung cancer patients, however the...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with high rates of recurrence and death. Surgical resection and ablation therapy have limited efficacy for patients with adv...
The mammary gland is responsible for milk production and secretion, which is critical for neonatal health during lactation. Lactation efficiency is largely affected by energy status with unclear mechanism.
Ras is a key cellular signaling hub that controls numerous cell fates via multiple downstream effector pathways. While pathways downstream of effectors such as Raf, PI3K and RalGDS are extensively described in...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane proteins in the human body and are responsible for accurately transmitting extracellular information to cells. Arrestin is an important me...
The genesis and developments of solid tumors, analogous to the renewal of healthy tissues, are driven by a subpopulation of dedicated stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), that exhibit long-term clona...
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are known as the issue in biology because of some unpredictable characteristics in the different microenvironments especially in their bone marrow niche. MSCs are used in ...
Signaling pathways allow cells to detect and respond to a wide variety of chemical (e.g. Ca2+ or chemokine proteins) and physical stimuli (e.g., sheer stress, light). Together, these pathways form an extensive co...
The Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates effector proteins to induce expression of the podoplanin (PDPN) receptor in order to promote tumor progression. However, nontransformed cells can normalize the growth and...
Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in chemotherapy and recurrence of colorectal tumors is a serious concern that impedes improvements to clinical outcomes. In the present study, we found that conditioned medi...
The variable results in clinical trials of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) for chondral defects may be due to the different ex vivo culture conditions of the ASCs which are implanted to treat the lesi...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the most lethal tumour worldwide. Copine 1 (CPNE1) was identified as a novel oncogene in NSCLC in our previous study. However, its ...
Ceramide, important for both neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, resides in several membranes, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and nuclear membranes, and can be further ...
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the ligand for programmed death protein-1 (PD-1), is associated with immunosuppression. Signaling via PD-1/PD-L1 will transmits negative regulatory signals to T cell...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as a deadly and almost incurable brain cancer, is the most invasive form of CNS tumors that affects both children and adult population. It accounts for approximately half of all ...
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found to foster the escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance and upregulate PD-L1 expression. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown.
The original article was published in Cell Communication and Signaling 2020 18:83
A universal adaptor protein, MyD88, orchestrates the innate immune response by propagating signals from toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). Receptor activation seeds MyD88 dependent ...
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Unfortunately, the lack of effective methods of treatment and diagnosis has led to poor prognosis coupled with a very high mortality rate. So far, the ...
The cycad neurotoxin beta-methylamino-l-alanine (L-BMAA), one of the environmental trigger factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson-dementia complex (ALS/PDC), may cause neurodegeneration by disrupting ...
Glioblastomas are lethal brain tumors under the current combinatorial therapeutic strategy that includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapies. Extensive changes in the tumor microenvironment is a key reason for...
Several studies have shown that members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family play an important role in cancer immunoregulation, and trials targeting these molecules are already underway. Our study aimed t...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) usually regulate cellular processes via activation of intracellular signaling pathways. However, we have previously shown that in several cell lines, GqPCRs induce immediate...
Research is revealing the complex coordination between cell signaling systems as they adapt to genetic and epigenetic changes. Tools to uncover these highly complex functional linkages will play an important r...
Calcification of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) often causes problems with tumor resection, leading to a high incidence of deadly complications and tumor recurrence. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) a...
Scavenger receptors belong to a superfamily of proteins that are structurally heterogeneous and encompass the miscellaneous group of transmembrane proteins and soluble secretory extracellular domain. They are ...
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor and, is extremely difficult to diagnose and treat. Metastasis is one of the critical steps in the development of cancer and uses cell to cell communication to medi...
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Cell Communication and Signaling