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Fig. 1 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 1

From: A novel isolation method for spontaneously released extracellular vesicles from brain tissue and its implications for stress-driven brain pathology

Fig. 1

Biogenesis and isolation of extracellular vesicles from brain tissue. a Schematic representation of the biogenesis of three types of extracellular vesicles (EVs): microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. On the one hand, microvesicles arise from the budding of the plasma membrane, while apoptotic bodies originate from cell blebbing. On the other hand, exosomes are released upon multivesicular bodies (MVB) fusion with the plasma membrane. MVBs develop following invagination of early endosomes with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). These ILVs can be degraded upon fusion with lysosomes or released as exosomes. MVB-derived exosome biogenesis can involve the ESCRT machinery or occur via an ESCRT-independent pathway. b Schematic representation of the main idea of the 2 methods compared in the current studies: the standard method which includes chemical and mechanical (e.g., papain) digestion of the brain tissue and the release method for brain sEVs collection, which isolates EVs that are spontaneously released by the brain tissue

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