Fig. 3
From: Exosomes-based therapy of stroke, an emerging approach toward recovery
Several therapeutic outcomes after application of Exo in ischemic conditions such as stroke. Exo can promote angiogenesis via the regulation of several signaling pathways, leading to improved vascularization into the ischemic areas. Besides the angiogenic potential of Exo, these nanoparticles can induce neurogenesis via the proliferation and migration of NSCs. The proliferation of oligodendrocytes and the synthesis of myelin can help the injured neurons to overcome the insulting conditions. Due to the immunomodulatory properties, Exo promote M1 to M2 phenotype switching in microglia and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines