Fig. 2From: Exosomes-based therapy of stroke, an emerging approach toward recoveryNeuroinflammation after brain stroke. Under ischemic conditions, glial cells can acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype and release pro-inflammatory factors leading to neurological defects. Also, the activation of leukocytes leads to the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and injury of endothelium within the BBB, resulting in the propagation of inflammation into CNS parenchyma. The induction of adhesion molecules like P- and E-selectins can recruit and attach tightly leukocytes to the endothelial layer. These features can promote the formation of perivascular cuffing that can exacerbate inflammatory symptoms and increase stroke damageBack to article page