Fig. 4

Disorder can occur at any step of the Wnt cell signaling pathway. A A schematic of signaling components in the core canonical Wnt signaling pathway, showing the inactive state on the left and the active state on the right. The cell membrane is indicated by an arc and the nucleus by a light blue oval. Wnt signaling is able to control many processes by employing different variants of many proteins involved in Wnt signaling, which exist due to gene duplication, alternative splicing, and PTMs [258]. Consequently, a protein was marked as disordered (using a starburst) if the sequence off any variant, not post-translationally modified, was identified as intrinsically disordered in the literature. Wnt [258], Fz [268], LRP [268], Dsh/Dvl [264, 265], APC, CK1, Axin, GSK3 [269], β-catenin [269, 270], TCF/LEF [271], Groucho [272] all can include intrinsic disorder. B Analysis of 117 proteins involved in Wnt signaling based on disorder score and percent of disordered residues. Large values of each parameter indicate increasing disorder. Color blocks indicate regions in which are mostly ordered (blue and light blue), moderately disordered (pink), or mostly disordered (red). If the two parameters agree, the corresponding part of background is dark (blue or pink), whereas light blue and light pink reflect areas in which only one of these criteria applies. It is noteworthy that no Wnt pathway proteins are very structured (dark blue) and only two proteins can be considered mostly disordered. The remaining 115 proteins are either moderately disordered or highly disordered