Fig. 1

ADQ inhibits lung metastasis and the immunosuppressive TME of breast cancer. a The schematic diagram of the animal assay. 4T1-Luc metastasis-tracking model of breast cancer was established by inoculating 2 × 10⁶ 4T1-Luc cells into the mammary fat pads of Balb/c mice. Saline or ADQ (0.7 or 1.4 g/kg/day) was administrated by oral gavage. b The representative pictures of tumors in each group. N = 6. c Tumor volume (top) and mouse weight (bottom) curves. N = 6. d The lung metastasis of breast cancer xenograft was detected by the in vivo imaging assay and lung HE staining assay. The arrows and circles indicate the metastatic tumor foci in murine lungs. Scale bar = 100 μm. N = 3. e The representative HE staining pictures of tumor tissues. The infiltration levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast tumors of each group were evaluated following the 5-step standardized approaches. Scale bar = 100 μm. N = 3. f The infiltration levels of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells, CD4⁺/CD25⁺/FOXP3⁺ Tregs, and CD4⁺/CD25⁻/CD45RA⁺ naive CD4⁺ T cells within the TME were quantified by flow cytometry. N = 3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01