Fig. 1

Autophagy regulates PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway. The binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 suppresses T cell killing to cancer cells, while PD-L1 undergoes selectively autophagic degradation by H1P1R or p62. In addition, autophagy could be activated by extracellular stimuli such as SA-49, 2-BP, veteporfin resulting in PD-L1 autophagic degradation in cancer cells, consequently, enhances T cell activity and inhibits tumor growth