Fig. 1

The molecular mechanisms of JMJD3-mediated transcription of target genes. The Jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3) belongs to a subfamily of the UTX/UTY JmjC-domain protein. UTX1 (KDM6A) and JMJD3 (KDM6B) are the KDM6 family members. JMJD3 is a histone demethylase that regulates H3K27me3-mediated gene repression and removes H3K27me3. JMJD3 has a JmjC domain (demethylates histones) and a C-terminal segment that is embedded with a GATA-like (GATAL) domain. The KDM6A protein has a catalytic JmjC domain at the C terminus and six tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains at the N terminus. JMJD3 in a demethylase-dependent or independent manner can regulate gene transcription. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2, including EZH2, SUZ12, and EED) is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with PRC1 and adds methyl groups to histone H3K27. JMJD3, which opposes the enzymatic activity of the PRC2, regulates the expression of specific genes. JMJD3 as a transcription factor can interact with co-activators and regulate the transcription of target genes