Fig. 1
From: The role of PD-L1 in the immune dysfunction that mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury
The role of immune system dysfunction in hypoxic diseases. A Immune system dysfunction mediates ICH-induced cardiac dysfunction. After stroke, the release of cytokines by activated microglia damages the blood–brain barrier, permitting cytokine entry into the periphery to activate the peripheral immune system, causing further damage to the heart and other organs. B The role of immune system dysfunction in cancer progression. Tumour cell antigens can be distinguished by T cells, while increased expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 leads to further inhibition of T cell function. Abbreviations: ICH intracerebral haemorrhage, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, PD-1 programmed cell death protein 1