Table 1 Classification of nuclear localization signals (partial)
From: Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus
Category | Source | Sequence | Transport receptors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Classical nuclear localization signals (cNLS) | MP NLS | VACM-1/CUL5 [19] | PKLKRQ | Importin α/β1 |
CXCR4 [20] | RPRK | |||
VP1 [21] | RRARRPRG | |||
BP NLS | 53BP1 [22] | GKRKLITSEEERSPAKRGRKS | ||
ING4 [23] | KGKKGRTQKEKKAARARSKGKN | |||
IER5 [24] | RKRCAAGVGGGPAGCPAPGSTPLKKPRR | |||
ERK5 [25] | RKPVTAQERQREREEKRRRRQERAKEREKRRQERER | |||
Non-classical nuclear localization signals (ncNLS) | PY-NLS | Hrp1 [26] | RSGGNHRRNGRGGRGGYNRRNNGYHPY | Importin βs |
UL79 [27] | TLLLRETMNNLGVSDHAVLSRKTPQPY | |||
EWS [28] | PGKMDKGEHRQERRDRPY | |||
Other non-classical NLS | PTHrP [29] | GKKKKGKPGKRREQRKKKRRT | ||
Pho4 [30] | SANKVTKNKSNSSPYLNKRKGKPGPDS | |||
rpL23a [31] | VHSHKKKKIPTSPTFTTPKTLTLRRQPKYPRKSAPRRNKLDHY | |||
Other types of nuclear localization signals | Putative NLS | PABPN1 | None | Importin αs/βs |
Spatial epitope NLS | STAT1 | None | ||
Cryptic NLS | FGF2 | None | ||
Multiple NLS | MSX1 [32] | RKHKTNRKPR | ||
NRRAKAKR | ||||
NLS-RARα [33] | RNKKKK | |||
RKVIK | ||||