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Table 1 Differential expression of KCTD family members in human tumors

From: The emerging role of the KCTD proteins in cancer

Group

Gene

Cancer

Literature data

Cosmic

GENT2

Expression

Molecular target

Gene expression

Frequency

FC (T/N tissue)

P value

Group C

KCTD10

Burkitt's lymphoma

O/E [29]

     
  

Lymphoblastic leukemia

O/E [29]

     
  

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

O/E [29]

     
  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

O/E [37]

     
  

Lung carcinoma

O/E [29]

     
  

Ovarian cancer

O/E [27]

     
  

Melanoma

O/E [29]

     
  

Breast cancer

O/E [25]

RhoB, Rac1

    
  

Pancreatic cancer

O/E [28]

     
  

Hepatocellular carcinoma

U/E [38]

EIF3D

    
  

Adrenal gland cancer

  

O/E

5/79 (6.3%)

1.41

 < 0.001

 

TNFAIP1

Osteosarcoma

O/E [43, 52]

NF- κB signaling

    
  

Breast cancer

O/E [53]

     
  

Hepatocellular carcinoma

U/E [41]

CSNK2B

    
  

Non-small cell lung cancer

U/E [46, 47]

     
  

Uterus cancer

U/E [49]

     
  

Pancreatic cancer

U/E [48]

     
  

Gastric carcinoma

U/E [42,43,44,45]

     
  

Cervical carcinoma

U/E [49, 50]

RhoB

    
  

Adrenal gland cancer

  

U/E

11/79 (13.9%)

0.85

 < 0.05

 

KCTD13

Breast cancer

  

O/E

154/1104 (13.9%)

1.85

 < 0.001

Group B

KCTD11

Medulloblastoma

U/E [59, 61, 62]

Hedgehog signaling

    
  

Endometrium cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Gallbladder cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Urinary bladder cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Colorectal cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Stomach cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Lung cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Larynx cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Breast cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Esophageal cancer

U/E [61]

     
  

Prostate carcinoma

U/E [59, 61, 62]

     
  

Hepatocellular carcinoma

U/E [63]

MST1/GSK3β/p21 signaling

    
  

Ovarian cancer

  

U/E

159/266 (59.8%)

0.82

 
 

KCTD21

Medulloblastoma

U/E [12, 15, 66]

Hedgehog signaling

    
 

KCTD6

Medulloblastoma

U/E [12, 15, 66]

Hedgehog signaling

    

Group A

KCTD15

Lymphoblastic leukemia

O/E [80]

     
  

Myeloid leukemia

O/E [80, 81]

     
  

Medulloblastoma

U/E [15]

Hedgehog signaling

    
 

KCTD1

Ovarian cancer

  

O/E

37/266 (13.9%)

1.47

 < 0.001

  

Endometrium cancer

  

O/E

59/600 (9.8%)

1.43

 < 0.001

  

Pancreatic cancer

  

O/E

20/179 (11.17%)

1.32

 < 0.001

  

Lung cancer

  

O/E

76/1019 (7.46%)

1.21

 < 0.001

Group D

SHKBP1

Small intestine neuroendocrine tumor

O/E [88]

     
  

Osteosarcoma

O/E [86]

EGFR signaling

    
  

Myeloid leukemia

Mut.V89I [89]

FLT3 Tyrosine kinase

    
  

Cervical cancer

Mut [90]

 

O/E

33/307 (10.8%)

2.14

 < 0.05

  

Pancreatic cancer

  

O/E

24/179 (13.4%)

2.05

 < 0.001

  

Nervous system tumor

  

Mutation

7/130 (5.4%)

  
  

Large intestine tumor

  

Mutation

113/2513 (4.5%)

  
 

KCTD3

Stomach cancer

  

O/E

37/285 (13.1%)

1.83

 < 0.001

  

Breast cancer

  

O/E

157/1104 (14.2%)

1.3

 < 0.001

  

Nervous system tumor

  

Mutation

7/130 (3.9%)

  

Group F

KCTD12

Cervical cancer

O/E [102, 103]

CDC25B, CDK1

    
  

Lung cancer

O/E [102, 103]

CDC25B, CDK1

    
  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

U/E [96, 97]

     
  

Colorectal cancer

U/E [98, 102, 103]

CDK1

    
  

Uveal melanoma

U/E [100]

     
  

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

U/E [101]

WNT, Notch signaling

    
  

Breast cancer

U/E [99]

FoxO/Akt signaling

    
 

KCTD8

Cervical cancer

  

O/E

17/307 (5.5%)

n.a

 
  

Pancreatic cancer

  

O/E

13/179 (7.3%)

n.a

 
  

Esophageal cancer

  

O/E

9/125 (7.2%)

n.a

 
  

Thyroid cancer

  

O/E

41/513 (8.0%)

n.a

 
 

KCTD16

Small cell lung cancer

O/E [104]

     
  

Thyroid cancer

O/E [105]

     
  

Hepatic cancer

  

Mutation

296/2216 (13.6%)

  
  

Pancreatic cancer

  

Mutation

216/1840 (11.7%)

  
  

Prostate carcinoma

  

Mutation

177/1984 (8.9%)

  

Group E

KCTD5

Melanonoma

O/E [110]

Rac1, Ca2 + signaling

    
  

Breast cancer

O/E [110, 111]

TRPM4, Rac1, Ca2 + signaling

O/E

140/1104 (12.5%)

1.33

 < 0.001

 

KCTD2

Colonrectal cancer

O/E [115]

     
  

Glioma

U/E [8]

C-Myc

    
 

KCTD9

Stomach cancer

  

O/E

42/285 (14.7%)

1.25

 < 0.05

Group G

KCTD20

Non-small cell lung cancer

O/E [113]

Akt signaling, E-cadherin

    
 

BTBD10

Glioma

U/E [120, 122]

Akt signaling

    

Group H

KCTD7

Glioblastoma

O/E [123]

     
  

Lung adenocarcinoma

O/E [124]

     
  

Adrenal gland cancer

  

O/E

11/79 (13.9%)

1.61

 < 0.001

  

Skin cancer

  

O/E

40/473 (8.46%)

2.28

 < 0.001

  

Breast cancer

  

O/E

68/1104 (6.16%)

1.16

 < 0.001

  

Pancreatic cancer

  

Mutation

9/165 (5.5%)

  
 

KCTD14

Ovarian cancer

  

CNV gain

31/684 (4.5%)

1.53

 < 0.001

N.C

KCNRG

Chronic lymphocitic leukemia

U/E [126]

     
  

Multiple myelomas

U/E [126]

     
  

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Mut [127]

     
 

KCTD19

Hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor

  

O/E

28/221 (12.7%)

1.14

 < 0.001

  

Nervous system tumor

  

Mutation

6/130 (4.7%)

  
  

Large intestine tumor

  

Mutation

89/2502 (3.2%)

  
  

Skin cancer

  

Mutation

76/1279 (4.2%)

  
 

KCTD4

Lung cancer

  

O/E

51/1019 (5.0%)

1.32

 < 0.001

  1. Summary of the KCTD family members and the evidence of their involvement (or differential expression) in tumors, as reported in literature. Where possible, data suggesting further roles for KCTD members in tumors, extrapolated from COSMIC db (in terms of gene expression and frequency of tumor samples with overexpression, underexpression or mutation of the gene of interest compared to total analysed tumor samples) and GENT2 db (in numerical terms of FC = fold change, calculated from the ratio of expression in tumor and normal tissues, and statistical ones of p-value) are also indicated. Numbers in brackets in the “Expression” column indicate the relative bibliographic references; O/E: overexpression; U/E: underexpression; n.a.: not available.
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Cell Communication and Signaling

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