Fig. 3

Dietary fatty acids influence PI signaling. The incorporation of dietary supplement of omega-3 fatty acids increases the potency to intercalate with the membrane glycerophospholipids. The increased omega-3 fatty acids in glycerophospholipids suspected to influence Phosphoinositides. Upon modified phospholipid content of the cell it is suspected to affect various signaling cascades during their involvement. Under physiological conditions fatty acids influence the type of PI species produced depending upon the phosphorylation at D3, D4, and D5 of inositol ring. PIP2 (PI 4, 5-P2), PIP3 (PI 3, 4, 5-P3) synthesis is maintained by the interplay of PI3K and PTEN local concentration. The highly polarized lamelliopodia-bearing cell migrates with the high concentration of PIP3 at leading ends due to local concentration gradient of PI3K. The PTEN maintains directionality and retraction at rear end via inducing higher concentration of PIP2 and lower concentration of PIP3. The positive interplay between PIP3 and PIP2 would induce active phagocytosis and migration, which is supported by actin polymerization in an activated cell. Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are suspected to induce the phagocytosis via PI signaling. Omega-3 dietary fatty acids also inhibit PLC mediated hydrolysis of PI 4,5-P2 into inositol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) which eventually initiates inflammatory response by microglia