Fig. 3

Cellular metabolism analysis in ADSM. a Representative phase-contrast images of ADSM cultured for 24 h by CM. Scale bar represents 100 μm. b Cellular metabolic status in ADSM was measured by MTT assay (n = 4). ** indicates P < 0.01 versus 0 h by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. c The number of nuclei were calculated to assess cell proliferation for 0–48 h (n = 4). N.S.; not significant versus 0 h by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. d Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was assessed after the addition of oligomycin (Oligo), Carbonyl cyanide 4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and antimycin A/rotenone (AA/ROT) at the indicated times (Left). Basal respiration, ATP production and maximal respiration were measured (Right) (n = 3). ** indicates P < 0.01 by unpaired t‐test. e Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was assessed after the addition of glucose and oligomycin (oligo) at the indicated times (Left). Glycolysis and glycolysis capacity were measured (Right) (n = 3). ** indicates P < 0.01 by unpaired t‐test. Data are presented as average ± SD. All data were technically replicated and repeated more than 2 times using ADSM derived from other CAIA ankle