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Table 2 Modulation of microRNA by probiotics in pathological conditions

From: Effects of therapeutic probiotics on modulation of microRNAs

MicroRNA

Probiotics

Probiotic concentrations

Expression

Target gene

Effects

Model

Sample (n)

Ref

miR-215-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-194,

miR-92-3p, miR-30d,

miR-181a-5p,

miR-429-3p,

let-7f-5p,

miR-30a-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-199-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-27b-3p

Lactobacillus plantarum Z01 (LPZ01)

1 × 108 CFU/mL

Down-regulation of miR-215-5p, miR-3525, miR-122-5p and up regulation of miR-193a-5p, miR-375 and miR-215-5p

cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, stress-activated MAPK cascade, MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways.

Decrease inflammation in S. typhimurium infection in neonatal broiler chicks

In vivo

(Newly hatched chicks)

-

[172]

miR-135b, miR-155

miR-26b and miR-18a

Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bla/016P/M)

1 × 109 CFU/g and 1 × 109 CFU/g

Up regulation of miR-135b, miR-155 and down regulation of miR-26b, miR-18a

APC, PTEN, KRAS, and PU.1

-.

In vivo (Mice)

-

[173]

miR-423-5p

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415

3.6 × 106 CFU/g

Up regulation of miR-423-5p

Immunoglobulin lambda light C region (IGLC) and immunoglobulin kappa constant (IGKC)

-

In vivo (Landrace pigs)

-

[174]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and L.

acidophilus La-5

5 × 1010 CFU, 5 × 1010 CFU and 5 × 109 CFU

   

Human

54

[175]

miR-122a

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

1 × 109 CFU

Down-regulation of miR-122a

?

Decrease ethanol-elevated miR122a levels and attenuate ethanol-induced liver injury

In vivo

(Mice)

-

[176]

miR-146a

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) (O6:K5:H1)

NA

Up-regulation of miR-146a in both EPEC and ECN

IRAK1 and TRAF6

Reduce IL-8 as well as CXCL1 in T84 cells

In vitro

(Human epithelial and THP-1 cells)

-

[177]

miR-21,

miR-92a,

miR-155,

miR-663

Lactobacillus

acidophilus (La) ATCC strain 4356

109 – 1010 CFU/ml

Up-regulation of miR-21 and down-regulation of

miR-155

MiR-92a targets

integrin a5, klf-2 and klf-4/ MiR-155 targets AtR1 and Ets-1/ MiR-663 targets VEGF

Reduce apoptosis, necrosis and inflammatory

In vitro(HUVEC)

-

[178]

miR-155,

miR-223,

miR-150,

miR-375 and miR-143

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and L. salivarius CECT5713

5 × 108 CFU

Down-regulation of miR-155, miR-223 and miR-150 and up-regulation of miR-143

c-Myb (miR-150)

Reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β

In vivo (Mice)

-

[179]

miR-203,

miR-483-3p and miR-595

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)

NA

Up-regulation of miR-483-3p and down-regulation of miR-203 and miR-595

miR-203 targets tight junction protein ZO-2/

miR-595 targets Mucin-4-precursor/ miR-483-3p targets beta-defensin 111 precursor

Improve effects of EcN.

In vitro (T84 epithelial cells)

-

[180]

miR-21 and miR-200b

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

NA

Down-regulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-200b

NF-kB inhibitory subunit (IKB) and RelA

Induce apoptosis in colon cancer cell line by up-regulation of MAPK1, Bax, and caspase 3, and down-regulation of AKT, NF-kB, Bcl-XL

In vitro

(HT-29 cells)

-

[181]

miRNA-29a

miRNA-29b

miRNA-29c

A mixture of: Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 24730, Streptococcus thermophiles

DSM 24731, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 24732, L. paracasei DSM 24733, L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus DSM

24734, L. acidophilus DSM 24735, B. longum DSM 24736, and B. infantis DSM 24737

1.8 × 109 CFU

Unchanged

-

-.

Human

10

[182]

miR-146a and miR-155

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L.

delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (L.del)

NA

Up-regulation of miR-155 and down regulation of miR-146a.

-

Down-regulation of p38 while IκB expression was significantly decreased in L. del-treated DCs.

In vitro

(Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells)

-

[183]

miR-143,

miR-150,

miR-155,

miR-223, and miR-375

Escherichia coli

Nissle 1917 (EcN)

5 × 108 CFU

miR-150, miR-155, and miR-223 were up-regulated. miR-375 was down-regulated.

Housekeeping gene (SNORD95)

The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of EcN were associated with altered gut microbiome in mouse experimental colitis.

In vivo (Mice)

-

[184]

miR-148a

Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 B. bifidum NCC390 or B. longum NCC2705

1 × 108 CFU

Up-regulation after 1 and 4 hours, but not after 24 h (in vitro)

Up-regulation after 2 but not 14 days (in vivo)

EPAS1

Reduce EPAS1 expression in Caco-2 cells and mouse cecum.

In vitro (Caco-2 cells) and In vivo (Mice)

-

[185]

miR-744

Lactobacillus crispatus 2743 and L. gasseri 3396

5 × 107 CFU/ml

Up-regulation

ARHGAP5

Trigger lactic acid-induced migration and invasion in SiHa cells.

In vitro (SiHa cells)

-

[186]

Let-7b

Encapsulated mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus -11 and Bifidobacterium longum-88 or encapsulated mixture of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis

2.6×1014 CFU in first mixture and 5.0×108 CFU in second mixture

Down-regulation

HMGA2

FIGN

MAPK6

ARID3B

-

Human and In vitro (NCM460 cells)

79

[187]