Table 2 Exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells and different pathological conditions

Intervertebral disc degeneration

miR-21

Human bone marrow

TNF-α

Apoptosis

In vivo, Rat

[122]

Stroke

miR-133b

Rat bone marrow

b-III-tubulin (TuJ1), phosphorylated NF-H

RhoA

Cell shape, polarity and locomotion

In vivo, Rat

[123]

Stroke

miR-17-92 cluster

Rat bone marrow

PTEN

Tumor suppression

In vivo, Rat

[125]

Stroke

miR-133b

Rat bone marrow

Connective tissue growth factor and RhoA

Cell adhesion & migration. GTPase, actin stress

In vivo, Rat

[126]

Breast cancer and Osteosarcoma

miR-21 andmiR-34a

Human bone marrow

–

Increased angiogenesis & tumor growth

In-vivo, mice

[82]

Breast cancer

miR-23b

Human bone marrow

MARCKS

Cell cycling and motility

In vitro

[130]

Breast cancer

miR-100

Human bone marrow

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Angiogenesis

In vitro

[131]

Glioblastoma

miR-146b

Rat

EGFR

Cell proliferation and cell survival.

In vivo, Rat

[132]

Glioma

miR-584-5p

Human

CYP2J2

Arachidonic acid and drug metabolism

In vivo, Mice

[92]

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) -induced AKI

miR-15a, miR-15b and miR-16

Human umbilical cord

CX3CL1

Function as chemokine ligand

In vivo, Rat

[141]

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) -induced AKI

miR-30

Human WJMSCs

DRP1

Mitochondrial and peroxisomal division

In vivo, Rat

[142]

Kidney fibrosis and injery

miR-let7

Human Bone marrow

TGF-β receptor 1

Cell proliferation and apoptosis control

In vivo, Mice

[143]

Myocardial infarction

miR29, miR24miR34, miR130, miR378

Rat Bone marrow

PI3k-Akt and mTOR pathways

Cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation

In vivo, Rat

[144]

Myocardial infarction

miR-22

Ischemic Preconditioned Mice bone marrow

Mecp2, methyl CpG binding protein 2

Apoptosis

In vivo, mice

[148]

Myocardial infarction

miR-19a

Rat Bone marrow

PTEN

Tumor suppression,

In vivo, Rat

[149]

Myocardial infarction

miR-132

Mice bone marrow

RASA1

Cell proliferation and growth

In vivo, mice

[40]

Liver fibrosis

miR-181-5p

Mice adipose

Bcl2 and stat3

Apoptosis and autophagy

In vivo, mice

[151]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

miR-122

Human adipose

Cyclin G1 and IGF 1R

Cell cycle and growth

In vitro, and In vivo, mice

[152]

Autoimmune hepatitis

miR-223

Mice bone marrow

NLRP3

Cryopyrin production

In vivo, mice

[137]

Liver fibrosis

miR-122

Mice and human bone marrow

Cyclin G1, IGF 1R and P4HA1

Cell cycle and proliferation Collagen and related protein synthesis

In vitro, and In vivo, mice

[153]

Cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury

miR-494

Human bone marrow

–

Induce muscle regeneration via increased angiogenesis and myogenesis

In vivo, In vitro

[87]

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

miR-133b

Rat bone marrow

–

Modulate neurite outgrowth

In vivo, In vitro

[113]

Osteoarthritis

miR-92a-3p

MSCs

WNT5A

Enhanced production of cartilage and homeostasis

In vivo

[158]

Osteoarthritis

miR-320c

hBMSCs

MMP13

–

In vivo

[159]

Osteoarthritis

miR-140-5p

SMSC

Enhanced proliferation and migration of articular chondrocytes

In vitro

[160]