Fig. 1

(1) Immunofluorescent double-labeling of DNA and mitochondria in RMECs after treatment with 200 μM H2O2 (B1–4), 25 mM glucose (C1–4), or 100 ng/ml LPS (D1–4) for 24 h. (A1, B1, C1, and D1) Mitochondria were labeled with MitoTracker Red. (A2, B2, C2, and D2) Double-stranded DNA was labeled with PicoGreen. (A3, B3, C3, and D3) Nuclei were labeled with DAPI. (A4, B4, C4, and D4) Merged images of A1–3, B1–3, C1–3, and D1–3, respectively. (a1–4, b1–4, c1–4, and d1–4) Magnification of A1–4, B1–4, C1–4, and D1–4, respectively. (2) Real-time PCR was used to determine the copy number of mtDNA in the cytoplasm. In RMECs, the copies of mtDNA released from the mitochondria are shown after treatment with 200 μM H2O2 (E), 25 mM glucose (F), or 100 ng/ml LPS (G) for 0, 12, and 24 h. ∗∗P < 0.01, n = 3 biological repeats in each group