Table 1 Role of exosomal miRNAs in gliomas

miR-301a

Up

TCEAL7

TCEAL7 is a tumor suppressor in GBM. TCEAL7 is able to modulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by blocking β-catenin translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

[42]

miR-151a

Up

XRCC4

miR-151a reduces XRCC4 levels, induces delay of DSB clearance and encourages cells to become sensitive to TMZ.

[50]

miR-1238

Up

CAV1

The loss of miR-1238 can sensitize resistant GBM cells by directly targeting the CAV1/EGFR pathway.

[53]

mir-5096

Down

Kir4.1, AQP-4

miR-5096 was down-regulated in gliomas.

[63]

miR-148a

Down

CADM1

miR-148a promotes proliferation and metastasis via targeting CADM1 to activate the STAT3 pathway.

[72]

miR-29a

Up

Hbp1

miR-29a was up-regulated in gliomas.

[75]

miR-92a

Up

Prkar1a

miR-92a was up-regulated in gliomas.

[75]

miR-133b

Down

EZH2

miR-133b represses proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting EZH2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

[104]

miR-199a

Down

AGAP2

miR-199a inhibits glioma progression by down-regulating AGAP2

[108]

miRNA-584-5p

Up

CYP2J2

miRNA-584-5p reduces proliferation and invasion of glioma cells.

[113]

miR-9

Up

COL18A1, THBS2, PTCH1 and PHD3

miR-9 increases angiogenesis.

[119]

miR-10a and miR-21

Up

RORA, PTEN

The hypoxia-inducible expression of miR-10a and miR-21 in GDEs mediates MDSC expansion and activation by targeting RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).

[120]

miR-21, miR-222 and miR-124-3p

Up

–

miR-21, miR-222 and miR-124-3p were up-regulated in gliomas.

[121]

miR-125b

Up

–

miR-125b was up-regulated in gliomas

[122]

mir-21

Up

VEGF

mir-21 was up-regulated in gliomas

[123]

miR-124a

Up

FOXA2

miR-124a acts by silencing FOXA2, resulting in aberrant intracellular lipid accumulation

[124]

miR-451, miR-21

Up

c-Myc

–

[125]

miR-221

Up

–

miR-221 was up-regulated in gliomas.

[126]

miR-21, miR-103, miR-24, and miR-125

Up

–

miR-21, miR-103, miR-24, and miR-125 were up-regulated in gliomas.

[127]

miR-302-367

Up

CXCR4/SDF1, SHH, cyclin D, cyclin A and E2F1

Large amounts of miR-302-367 were found in exosomes, which were internalized by neighboring GBM cells.

[128]

miR-1290, miR-1246

Up

–

miR-1290 and miR-1246 were up-regulated in gliomas.

[129]

miR-1587

Down

NCOR1

miR-1587 down-regulates the tumor-suppressive nuclear receptor co-repressor NCOR1

[130]

miR-375

Down

SLC31A1

miR-375 increases apoptosis while suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion. Inhibits glioma cell progression through SLC31A1 suppression

[131]

miR-454-3p

Down

ATG12

miR-454-3p suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy in glioma.

[132]

miR-146b

Down

EGFR and NF-κB

miR-146b decreases EGFR and NF-κB protein in 9 L glioma cells in vitro

[133]

miR-1246

Down

TERF2IP

miR-1246 activates the STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway.

[134]

miR-124

Down

CDK6

miR-124 decreases the migration of GBM cells

[135]

miR-328-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-485-3p,, and miR-543

Up

–

miR-328-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-485-3p,, and miR-543 were up-regulated in gliomas.

[136]

miR-182-5p, miR-486-5p

Down

–

miR-182-5p and miR-486-5p were down-regulated in gliomas.

[136]

miR-301a

Up

PTEN

miR-301a up-regulates PTEN.

[137]

miR-221

Up

DNM3

miR-221 up-regulates DNM3.

[138]

miR-26a

Up

PTEN

miR-26a increases proliferation and angiogenesis.

[139]