Fig. 2
From: Role of exosomes in malignant glioma: microRNAs and proteins in pathogenesis and diagnosis
Biogenesis of exosomes within the parent cell and uptake of exosomes by the recipient cell. Vesicular pathways and miRNA/mRNA pathways come together because some RNA molecules are bound within the endosomal limiting membrane in the cytoplasm. RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) translocate miRNA strands into MVBs (multivesicular bodies) for exosome encapsulation, or to the cell membrane for further release. During maturation, the endosomes are transported to the TGN (trans-Golgi network) where they either undergo lysosomal degradation or secrete their intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) via microtubules towards the plasma membrane. Parent cell exosomes may carry out juxtacrine signaling, fusion or endocytosis in order to interact with the recipient cells. Parent cells secrete microvesicles into the extracellular matrix, by outward budding from the cell surface. Figure adapted from [32]