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Fig. 4 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 4

From: Loss of PTEN expression is associated with PI3K pathway-dependent metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 4

PTEN reduces ECAR and enhances OCR in HCC cells. HHCC cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding full-length human PTEN (oe-PTEN), with those cells infected with a lentiviral vector harboring empty expression vector as controls (vector-NC). At first, the ECAR and OCR were measured under basal condition. Next, the ECAR was measured in the presence of rotenone plus the mitochondrial complex III inhibitor antimycin A (Rote/AA) and the glycolytic inhibitor 2-DG at indicated time points. The OCR was measured in the presence of oligomycin, the reversible inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation FCCP (p-trifluoromethoxy carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone), and the Rote/AA at indicated time points. OCR is expressed as pmols/minute and ECAR as mpH/minute. a, ECAR under basal glycolysis, %ECAR from basal glycolysis, and the ECAR of compensatory glycolysis were measured by Seahorse Bioscience XF24 analyzer in HHCC cells. b, basal OCR, ATP-linked respiration, maximal OCR, and spare respiratory capacity were measured by Seahorse Bioscience XF24 analyzer in HHCC cells. Data in the upper (a and b) were compared using unpaired t-test and in the lower (a and b) by repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. * p < 0.05 compared with vector-NC. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation of three technical replicates

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