Fig. 1From: AKT/FOXO1 axis links cross-talking of endothelial cell and pericyte in TIE2-mutated venous malformationsReduced PDGFB and α-SMA expression in patients with TIE2-L914F mutant venous malformation. a Representative DNA sequences of VM patients (below) and healthy controls (up) detected by SNP site sequencing. b Mutation rate of TIE2-L914F in VM patients and healthy controls detected by pyrosequencing. c Representative immunohistochemical images of arteries (A), normal veins (V), VM veins (VM). Immunohistochemistry staining images showing expression levels of PDGFB (up) and α-SAM (below) in A, V and VM. On the far right are the magnifications of the VM images. d α-SAM positive cells per μm of lumen length and PDGFB positive area per pixels of lumen length in the V and VM groups were calculated. Scale bar, 50 μm. The data are means ± SEM (n = 6). **P < 0.01Back to article page