Fig. 4

Diabetic milieu induces endothelial cell dysfunction without cell death. a Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity detected by DAF-FM fluorescence in mGEC cultured in NG control conditions without or with L-NAME (100 μM), or cultured with HG, CS, DS and DS + mTEMPO for 48 h. b Percentage viable (Annexin and PI negative) and apoptotic (Annexin and PI positive) mGECs cultured in the same conditions as a for 48 h. Bar graphs represent n = 4–5 ± s.e.m. averaged independent experiments; *P < 0.05 versus NG controls