Fig. 1

Experimental design and effect of YYFZBJS in intestinal tumorigenesis. a Experimental design indicating the timing of intragastric administration and organization of groups. b Macroscopic view of the representative mouse intestinal shows several polypoid and discoid colonic tumors from different groups of Apc^Min/+ mice after treatment with YYFZBJS for 20 weeks. c The number of intestinal polyps in small intestinal from different groups of Apc^Min/+ mice after treatment with YYFZBJS for 20 weeks. d The number of intestinal polyps in the colon from different groups of Apc^Min/+ mice after treatment with YYFZBJS for 20 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± SD from at least three experiments. e The tumor size distribution in the intestine was listed and compared with control. f Left: typical adenomatous polyp seen in infected Apc^Min/+ mice showing high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Middle: adenomatous intestinal polyp with the early invasion of neoplastic glands into the muscular layers often seen in Apc^Min/+ mice. Right: minute polyp with remnant dysplastic glands close to the surface epithelium. This typical regressive intestinal cancer morphology is seen throughout the intestine in mice. Red arrows indicated adenocarcinoma cell. Magnification bars, 100 μM. g&h Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against PCNA, Ki67, BrdU in control group and YYFZBJS treatment group. Magnification bars, 50 μM. Data are given as means ± SD of 8 animals per experimental group, with Welch’s correction, one-tailed t-test. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^&P < 0.05, ^$P < 0.05 vs. control