Fig. 5

a TEM images of HUVEC-Exos. b Exosome surface markers detected by Western blotting (Alix, Tsg101, CD9). The experiment was repeated three times in order to confirm the stability of the phenomena. c Size distribution of exosomes. Particle concentration, particle size and video frame of exosomes were analyzed by FNA (d) and NTA (e). Total protein levels (f) in HUVEC-Exos and PTHrP-2- HUVEC-Exos. (g) The uptake of exosomes by HUVECs and HFF-1 cells. Cytoskeleton, exosomes and cell nuclei are stained green, red and blue in the picture taken by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. h Proliferation of HUVEC and HFF-1 incubated for 0, 1, 3, or 7 days in conditioned medium with HUVEC-Exos and PTHrP-2- HUVEC-Exos from days 0 and 6. i Effects of HUVEC-Exos on migration of HUVECs, HFF-1 cells and the tube formation assay of HUVECs. j Quantitation of HUVECs and HFF-1 cells, migration (violet stained cells) using a Transwell chamber. The quantitative evaluation of the number of nodes formed in the culture plate with different conditions of culture after 8 h