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Fig. 4 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 4

From: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression and function is required for early chondrogenesis

Fig. 4

Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in cells of micromass cultures on day 2 of culturing. Prior to measurements, cells were loaded with Fluo-4-AM for 30 min. Ca2+ oscillations were observed without agonist stimulation in Tyrode’s solution containing 1.8 mM [Ca2+]e at room temperature. Acquisition of line-scan images started immediately after changing the bath solution on cultures. a. Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in normal ([Ca2+]e = 1.8 mM) Tyrode’s solution, or following application of 20 μM NMDA or 20 μM ifenprodil. Line-scan diagrams show representative data out of 3 independent experiments. b. Box plot showing the distribution of the length of spontaneous events; control cells are black, NMDA-treated cells are grey. The box plot shows the full time at half maximum (FTHM) values of the detected spontaneous transients (dots: individual data points; +: mean values; whiskers: minimum and maximum values of the data sets; left and right borders of the boxes: the 25th and 75th percentiles). A significant (**P < 0.01, with Mann-Whitney test) change in event length following NMDA challenge relative to the control was detected

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