Table 1 Summary of Hh signaling antagonists studied in gastric cancer

Hh ligand

5E1

monoclonal antibody

Block SHH protein activity

In vivo

N/A

[66,67,68]

SMO

cyclopamine

Small molecule inhibitor

Bind to SMO protein heptahelical bundle and inhibit SMO activity

In vivo

N/A

[10, 55, 69,70,71]

GDC-0449 (Vismodegib, Erivedge)

Small molecule inhibitor

Bind to the extracelluar domain of SMO

In vivo

NCT00982592

[64, 72, 73]

IPI-926 (Saridegib)

Small molecule inhibitor

derivative of the cyclopamine, antagonist of SMO

In vivo

N/A

[74]

Itraconazole

Small molecule inhibitor

Bind to SMO protein

In vivo

N/A

[75]

Vitamin D₃

Small molecule inhibitor

Bind to SMO protein

in vitro

N/A

[76]

GLI1

GANT61

Small molecule inhibitor

bind GLI1 protein between zinc finger 2 and 3

In vivo

N/A

[63, 77]

BRD4

JQ1

Small molecule inhibitor

Inhibit BRD4 binding to GLI

N/A

N/A

[73]