Fig. 4

Gremlin1 depletion impairs metastases formation in the lungs. (a) Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout efficiency in 66cl4. Representative immunoblot of gremlin1 of whole lysates of 66cl4 non-target controls and gremlin1 knockout clones. (b-c) In vivo analysis of 66cl4 non-target control and two gremlin1 knockout clones (10 mice per group). Tumor cells were injected into the fat-pad of nude mice. (b) The size of the primary tumors was measured regularly during the 21 days of experiment and (c) tumor weight was recorded after the mice had been sacrificed. The line indicates mean tumor weight. Student’s t-test, *0.01 < P < 0.05. (d) Tumor cells were injected into the tail vein of nude mice. After 15 days the mice were sacrificed and the lung weight was recorded. The line indicates mean lung weight. Student’s t-test, **0.001 < P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001