Linoleic acid improves assembly of the CII subunit and CIII2/CIV complex of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system in heart failure

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

	NYHA I	NYHA II	NYHA III	P-value
Number	45	93	15
Demographic factors
Age, yrs	66 ± 12	68 ± 13	67 ± 18	0.734
Men, n (%)	34 (76)	73 (71)	5 (33)	0.010
Body mass index, kg/m²	23.7 ± 3.3	23.7 ± 5.6	23.3 ± 5.8	0.685
Cause of heart failure, n (%)
Ischemic heart disease	16 (36)	23 (25)	2 (13)	0.264
Dilated cardiomyopathy	14 (31)	5 (5)	7 (47)	0.393
Valvular heart disease	11 (24)	6 (6)	6 (40)	0.396
Hypertensive heart disease	12 (27)	27 (29)	4 (27)	0.965
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	0 (0)	3 (3)	0 (0)	0.189
Medication, n (%)
β-blocker	34 (76)	84 (90)	12 (80)	0.403
ACE-I or ARB	28 (62)	76 (82)	11 (73)	0.029
Diuretics	34 (76)	72 (77)	14 (93)	0.311
Echocardiographic parameters
LVEDD, mm	55 ± 9	57 ± 12	62 ± 13	0.089
LVEF, %	46 ± 14	45 ± 16	35 ± 16	0.057

NYHA class, New York Heart Association class; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. Data are expressed as means ± SD

ISSN: 1478-811X