From: Distribution, dynamics and functional roles of phosphatidylserine within the cell
Protein | Brief function description |
---|---|
K-Ras | An early GTPase in many signal transduction pathways, for review see [77]. |
Rab-GTPases | A large family of proteins controlling endocytosis, cell migration, cell progression and morphology: many are discussed in main text. Exactly how many of the Rho GTPases that bind or depend on PtdSer for their localization remains uncertain. |
Src | A central non-receptor tyrosine kinase with localization dependent on PtdSer, as discussed in the main text. |
Protein kinase C | Enzyme family controlling other proteins through phosphorylation [78]. |
Akt | Activation mediates downstream responses through protein phosphorylation, binding to both PI(3,4,5)P3 and PtdSer [79]. |
Cavin1 | As discussed in main text, PtdSer is required for cavin1 and caveolin1 to form stable caveolae in vivo [68]. Cavin1 forms polyhedral lattices on PtdSer- containing liposomes [80]. |
Evectin-2 | Retrograde endosome to Golgi trafficking [72, 73]. Specific binding to PtdSer depends on the PH-domain of the protein [72, 81]. |
P4-ATPases | Evolutionarily conserved lipid flippases (including ATP8A1, ATP8A2, ATP9A in mammals and Drs2 in yeast) [8]. Some are specific for PtdSer [82] and as discussed in main text, a number are important for endosomal trafficking [76, 83,84,85,86], with recent reviews providing more detail [33]. |