Targeting pericytes for neurovascular regeneration

Table 1 Pericytes secretome on the regulation of astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and endothelial cells

Protein	Target cells	Signaling pathway inside pericytes	Signaling pathway inside target cell	Outcome	Ref.
NT-3 and NGF	Neurons and astrocytes	PDGFRβ-Akt		Neuroprotection after ischemic stroke	[112]
Pericyte-derived soluble factors	Hypothalamic neurons	ND^a	Enhancing insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation	Raising insulin sensitivity	[113]
NT-3	Astrocytes	ND	TrkC-Erk1/2 signaling pathway	NGF production and subsequent neuronal survival during hypoxia	[35]
Agrin (possibly)	Astrocytes	ND	Regulating aquaporin-4 anchoring to perivascular endfeet	Enhancing fluid transport	[31, 114]
Bone morphogenetic protein 4	Oligodendrocyte precursor cells	ND	ND	Differentiation into astrocytes	[115]
Interleukin-6	Microglia	TNF-α activated Janus family of tyrosine kinase -STAT3 and inhibitor kappa B–NFκB pathways	iNOS mRNA up-regulation	Microglial proinflammatory activity	[116]
TGF-β1	Immature vessels ECs	ND	ND	Endothelial CD-146 down-regulation during maturation	[117]
Angiopoietin-1	ECs	ND	Tie-2 tyrosine phosphorylation	Occludin up-regulation	[118]
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	ECs	ND	ND	Enhancing HIV-1 transcytosis	[119]
TGF-β, VEGF, and MMP-2	ECs	AGE induced NF-κB signaling	Claudin-5 downregulation	BBB disruption	[51, 60]
Serpin protease nexin-1	ECs		Anti-thrombin	Inhibiting fibrinolysis	[120]
IL-8	Neutrophils	Stimulation by LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β		Neutrophils chemo-attraction	[48]

ISSN: 1478-811X