Fig. 2

Pyruvate decreases the proliferation of CCA cells by inhibiting HDAC3. a Schematic diagram of the in vitro deacetylation assay with HDACs. b The immunoprecipitated protein corresponding to HDACs-HA was subjected to western blot. c The HDAC proteins were incubated with acetylated peptides with or without 100 μM pyruvate, and the rate of deacetylation was determined using Mass Spectrometry (MS). d HDAC3 knockdown cells and their counterparts were treated with 2 mM ethyl pyruvate for 48 h and subjected to western blot. Data represent the Mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, NS not significant