Fig. 6
From: Gut ghrelin regulates hepatic glucose production and insulin signaling via a gut-brain-liver pathway
Gut ghrelin attenuated hepatic insulin signaling through a gut-brain- liver neurocircuitry. Intraduodenal ghrelin infusion decreased the phosphorylation of InsR (a) and AKT (b) in the liver of rats. Rats that received tetracaine (a and b), MK-801 in the NTS (c and d) or HVAG (e and f) failed to respond to duodenal ghrelin to decrease the phosphorylation of InsR (Tyr 1150/1151) and AKT (Ser473) in the liver of rats. InsR, insulin receptor; AKT, protein kinase B; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; HVAG, hepatic vagotomy. Values are shown as mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 vs. other groups