Fig. 1
From: Gut ghrelin regulates hepatic glucose production and insulin signaling via a gut-brain-liver pathway
Gut ghrelin increases liver glucose production through ghrelin-receptor (GHS-R1a). a Photomicrographs of GHS-R1a immunostaining incubated with saline or GHS-R1a antibody in rat duodenal tissues. Arrowheads indicate positive cells for GHS-R1a staining. b Immunofluorescent images of duodenal tissue sections stained for GHS-R1a (green) and ghrelin (red). c Schematic representation of working hypothesis. Ghrelin with or without GHS-R1a antagonist ([D-Lys3]-GHRP-6) was infused through a duodenal catheter. d Experimental procedure and clamp protocol. Duodenal catheter or venous and arterial catheters were implanted on day 1. The pancreatic clamp studies were performed on day 5. e Gut ghrelin decreased GIR in dose dependent manner. f Cumulative GIR during the steady-state of clamp. g HGP. h Suppression of HGP during the clamp period expressed as the percentage reduction from basal HGP. i Glucose uptake. GIR, the rate of glucose infusion; HGP, hepatic glucose production. Data are means ± SEM, ** P < 0.01 vs. all other groups. (n = 7 for saline or ghrelin treated group; n = 5 per group for all other groups)