Table 1 Serum exosomal-derived biomarker studies in HCC
Biomarkers (expression) | Method | Cohort (patients) | Clinical significance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) mRNA | ||||
 hn-RNPH1  mRNA↑ | Taqman real-time PCR | 68 HCC vs 67 LC vs 68 CHB vs 68 healthy control | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and CHB | [96] |
(2) miRNA | ||||
 miR-718↓ | qRT-PCR | 59 HCC | Predicting biomarker for recurrence afer LT | [97] |
 miR-18a↑  miR-221↑  miR-222↑  miR-224↑ | qRT-PCR | 30 HCC vs 30 CHB vs 30 healthy controls | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and CHB | [99] |
 miR-101↓  miR-106b↓  miR-122↓  miR-195↓ | qRT-PCR | 20 HCC vs 20 CHB vs 20 LC | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and CHB | [99] |
 MiR-125b↑ | qRT-PCR | 158 HCC vs 30 CHB vs 30 LC | Predicting biomarker for recurrence and survival | [100] |
 miR-122↑  miR-148a↑  miR-124b↑ | qPCR | 5 HCC vs 5 LC | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and LC | [101] |
 miR-122↑  miR-148a↑  AFP↑ | qPCR | 5 HCC vs 5 LC | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and LC | [101] |
 miR-122↑ | qPCR | 5 HCC vs 5 LC | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and healthy | [101] |
(3) lncRNA | ||||
 lncRNA-HEIH↑ | qRT-PCR | 35 HCC vs HCV-induced Cirrhosis vs 10 HCV-induced HCC | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and CHC | [102] |
 ENSG00000258332.1↑  LINC00635↑ | Taqman PCR | 60 HCC vs 85 LC vs 96 CHB vs 60 healthy subjects | Diagnostic biomarker for dividing HCC and CHB and LC | [103] |