Fig. 5

Insulin stimulated-phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, ERK1/2 and β-catenin (Ser-675) is diminished by Nodal. INS-1 cells were cultured in serum free medium with or without Nodal (1 μg/ml) treated for 24 h, and then cells were exposed to insulin (100 nM) or not for 10 min. Western blotting detection of (a) phosphorylated and total Akt, (b) phosphorylated and total GSK-3β, (c) phosphorylated and total ERK1/2, (d) phosphorylated and total β-catenin, and relative protein expression levels. Bar graphs represent densitometry analysis, data were normalized to control and expressed as mean ± SE. n = 3. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, vs. Control. ^▲▲, p < 0.01, vs. Insulin. ^#, p < 0.05; ^##, p < 0.01, vs. Nodal