Fig. 4

Nodal induced INS-1 cells apoptosis, but insulin suppressed apoptosis. a: INS-1 cells were staved in serum free medium and treated with medium alone (Control) or with 1 μg/ml Nodal (with or without 100 nM insulin) for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were identified based on Annexin V⁺ staining and could be subdivided into early apoptotic cells (PI⁻/Annexin V⁺) or late apoptotic cells (PI⁺/Annexin V⁺). b: Bar graphs represent apoptosis (Annexin V⁺) in A. The apoptosis was presented as percent of control values. In the histogram, the first column represents the basal control (=100%). n = 3. **, p < 0.01