Fig. 3
From: Wnt3a ligand facilitates autophagy in hippocampal neurons by modulating a novel GSK-3β-AMPK axis
Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β by lithium induces AMPK activity without altering PP2Ac levels. a Neurons were treated with metformin for 1 h at 37 °C for dose-response experiments. b Hippocampal neurons were treated with lithium (from 0.1 to 10 mM) for 1 h at 37 °C. AMPK was activated at low doses of lithium. c Measurement of the levels of the catalytic subunit of PP2A under lithium treatment; no changes were found after lithium treatment. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. of n = 3 independent experiments, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001. n.s., non-significant