Fig. 5

a-f. Increased nuclear NFκB p65 translocation in CRAMP-KO glial cells after bacterial stimulation. Astrocytes (a, c, e) and microglial cells (b, d, f, left side) from CRAMP-knockout (KO) or wild-type (WT) mice were incubated with bacterial supernatants of Gram-positive S. pneumoniae (SP) or Gram-negative N. meningitidis (NM) and bacterial cell wall components lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) for 30 min, 1 and 2 h, respectively. Microglial cells (b, d, f, right side) from CRAMP-KO or WT mice were incubated with 1, 2 or 10 μM mouse CRAMP with or without supernatant of NM. Fluorescence intensity was measured and calculated as the ratio of untreated control cells to stimulated cells in the cell nucleus. The experiment was performed at least in triplicate. The results represent at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance is marked as * - p < 0.05, ** - p < 0.01 or *** - p < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni’s multiple-comparison test)