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Fig. 1 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 1

From: L- and D-lactate enhance DNA repair and modulate the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs via histone deacetylase inhibition and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 activation

Fig. 1

Lactate induces histone hyperacetylation and alters chromatin compactness by inhibiting HDACs. a HeLa cells were treated with increasing concentrations of L-lactate, D-lactate, butyrate or NaCl for 2 h before measuring cellular HDAC activity. Basal HDAC activity was subtracted, and the value observed in the control cells was treated as 100 %. The graph displays the mean ± SEM of HDAC activity from three independent experiments in the presence of butyrate (black circles), L-lactate (black squares), D-lactate (black triangles) or NaCl (control, black diamonds). b Histone H3 and H4 acetylation in HeLa cells after 24 h of treatment with L-lactate, D-lactate or butyrate was detected via Western blot analysis. Representative blots of three independent experiments are shown. c, d The effect of lactate and butyrate on chromatin compactness. HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentration of L-lactate, D-lactate or butyrate for 24 h before fixation and Hoechst 33342 staining. Then, the cells were analysed using an ArrayScan VTI HCS Reader. c Hoechst staining of DNA in representative nuclei and corresponding images after Sobel edge detection transformation. d Graphs of the CVs for Hoechst fluorescence intensities for all pixels within each nucleus. The CVs are presented as the means ± SEM from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared to the untreated cells

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