Table 4 Fluorescent dyes to label receptor ligands
Ligand | Action | Receptor | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescein dyes: | cover green wavelengths of the visible spectrum contra: photo-bleaching, pH sensitivity | ||
Fluorescein-naloxone | antagonist | MOR | [95] |
Carboxyfluorescein-NPY | agonist | YR | [96] |
Rhodamine dyes: | cover red wavelenghts of the visible spectrum pro: pH insensitivity, photo-stability contra: water solubility, non-specific binding, quenching | ||
Rhodamine-angiotensin II | agonist | ATR | [97] |
TRITC-α-bungarotoxin | antagonist | AChR | [98] |
Cyanine dyes: | cover full spectrum from UV to IR pro: water solubility, reduced quenching, diverse reactive groups | ||
Cy3-EGF | agonist | EGFR | [99] |
GR119566-Cy5 | antagonist | 5HT3R | [100] |
BODIPY dyes: | cover visible range pro: sharp excitation and emission, high and insensitive quantum yields, pH insensitivity | ||
BODIPY FL-hPP | agonist | Y4R | [101] |
BODIPY 558/568 pirenzepine | antagonist | M1R | [102] |
Alexa fluor dyes: | cover spectrum from visible range to IR pro: pH insensitivity, photo-stability, increased brightness, diverse reactive groups | ||
Alexa 532 adrenaline | agonist | β2-AR | [103] |
Alexa 647 CXCL11 | agonist | CXCR | [104] |
Quantum dots: | pro: broad absorption, narrow and tune-able emission, photo-stability, strong luminescence, long luminescent lifetimes, multivalent surface contra: large size | ||
Deltorphin II(Ile-Ile)-QD595 | agonist | DOR | [107] |
QD560-dopamine | agonist | D2R | [108] |