Cell adhesion and intracellular calcium signaling in neurons

Sheng, Lifu; Leshchyns’ka, Iryna; Sytnyk, Vladimir

doi:10.1186/1478-811X-11-94

Cell Communication and Signaling

Table 1 An overview of CAMs, activation of which induces an increase in intracellular Ca ²⁺ levels

From: Cell adhesion and intracellular calcium signaling in neurons

CAMs	Method/Ca²⁺indicator	Ligand, concentration	Cell types (localization)	Effect on Ca²⁺	Inhibitors tested (effect on ligand induced Ca²⁺increase)	References
IgSF
NCAM	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM	Polyclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.4-1 mg/ml	PC12 cells	↑	Verapamil (full inhibition)	[24]
					Diltiazem (full inhibition)
					Nifedipine (no effect)
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Synthetic peptide ligand of NCAM ectodomain, 50 μM	PC12-E2 cells	↑	Not tested	[22]
	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM	Fab fragments of monoclonal NCAM antibodies (H28), 0.1-0.2 mg/ml	PC12 cells	No effect	Not tested	[24]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Polyclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.3-0.5 mg/ml	PC12 cells	↑	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Monoclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.1 mg/ml	PC12 cells	No effect	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	NCAM antibodies, 0.5 mg/ml	Chick ciliary ganglion neurons	No effect	Not tested	[39]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Polyclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.3-1 mg/ml	Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons	↑	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Monoclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.1 mg/ml	Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons	No effect	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Polyclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.5 mg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	No effect	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Monoclonal NCAM antibodies, 0.1 mg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	No effect	Not tested	[21]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Purified NCAM from mouse brain, 10 μg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	↑	Not tested	[21, 25]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Recombinant fragments of NCAM ectodomain, 0.8 μM	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	↑	Not tested	[25]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Monoclonal NCAM antibodies, 30 μg/ml	Mouse cortical neurons (soma)	No effect	Not tested	[29, 30]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Synthetic peptide ligand of ectodomain NCAM, 54 μM	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[22]
		Polyclonal NCAM antibodies, 1 mg/ml	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[22]
	Microscopy/ Fura-2AM or Fluo-4AM	Synthetic peptide ligand of NCAM, 12–35 μM	Rat hippocampal neurons (soma)	↑	Nifedipine (partial inhibition)	[23]
					Mibefradil (partial inhibition)
					Pimozide (full inhibition)
					ω-conotoxin (no inhibition)
					Agatoxin (no inhibition)
					Loe908 (partial inhibition)
					SKF-96365 (partial inhibition)
L1	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM	Polyclonal L1 antibodies, 0.4-1 mg/ml	PC12 cells	↑	Not tested	[21, 24]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Polyclonal L1 antibodies, 0.3-1 mg/ml	Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons	↑	Verapamil (no effect)	[21]
					Diltiazem (no effect)
					Cd²⁺/Ni²⁺ (no effect)
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Recombinant ectodomain of L1 (L1-Fc), 10 μg/ml	Rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (growth cones)	↑ ^a	Nifedipine (full inhibition)^a	[37]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Recombinant ectodomain of L1 (L1-Fc), 10 μg/ml	Rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (growth cones)	↑ ^a	Conotoxin (partial inhibition)^a	[37]
	Microscopy/Fura-2 dextran	L1 expressed by 3 T3 cells	Rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (growth cones)	No effect	Not tested	[31]
	Whole cell patch-clamp	Monoclonal L1 antibodies recognizing glycosylated L1, 7.5-30 μg/ml	Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons	↑	Nifedipine (full inhibition)	[30]
	Whole cell patch-clamp		Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons	↑	Cd²⁺ (full inhibition)	[30]
	Microscopy/Fura-2 AM	Polyclonal L1 antibodies, 0.3-0.5 mg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	↑	Verapamil (no effect)	[21]
					Diltiazem (no effect)
					Cd²⁺/Ni²⁺ (No effect)
	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM; Microscopy/Fura2AM	Purified L1 from mouse brain, 10 μg/ml or 0.8 μM	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	↑	Not tested	[21, 25, 28]
	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM	Monoclonal L1 antibodies recognizing FNIII type repeats, 100 μg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	↑	Not tested	[28]
	Fluorimetry/Quin-2AM	Monoclonal L1 antibodies recognizing Ig-like domains I-VI, 100 μg/ml	Mouse small cerebellar neurons	No effect	Not tested	[21, 28]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM,	Monoclonal L1 antibodies recognizing glycosylated L1, 7.5-30 μg/ml	Mouse cortical neurons (soma)	↑	Nifedipine (full inhibition)	[29, 30]
	Whole cell patch-clamp				Nifedipine (full inhibition)
	Whole cell patch-clamp				Cd²⁺ (full inhibition)
Np55	Microscopy/Fluo-4AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of Np55, 15 μM	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[35]
Np55	Microscopy/Fluo-4AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of Np55, 15 μM	(synaptic areas)	↑	Not tested	[35]
Np65	Micriscopy/Fluo-4AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of Np65, 15 μM	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[34]
Np65	Micriscopy/Fluo-4AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of Np65, 15 μM	(synaptic areas)	↑	Not tested	[34]
	Micriscopy/Fluo-4AM	Syntetic peptide ligand of Np65 enplastin, 7–15 μM	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[34]
	Micriscopy/Fluo-4AM	Syntetic peptide ligand of Np65 enplastin, 7–15 μM	(synaptic areas)	↑	Not tested	[34]
NgCAM	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM; Fura-2AM	Purified chicken NgCAM, 1.2 μg/ml	Neostriatal subependymal zone neurons of adult zebra finch	↑	Nifedipine (full inhibition)	[32]
NgCAM	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM; Fura-2AM	Purified chicken NgCAM, 1.2 μg/ml	Neostriatal subependymal zone neurons of adult zebra finch	↑	ω-conotoxin (partial inhibition)	[32]
	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM; Fura-2AM	Polyclonal NgCAM antibodies, 100 μg/ml	Neostriatal subependymal zone neurons of adult zebra finch	↑	Nifedipine (full inhibition)	[32]
	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM; Fura-2AM	Polyclonal NgCAM antibodies, 100 μg/ml	Neostriatal subependymal zone neurons of adult zebra finch	↑	ω-conotoxin (partial inhibition)	[32]
LAMP	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM	Soluble recombinant LAMP, 30 μg/ml	Rat hippocampal neuron	↑	Nifedipine (full inhibition)	[36]
LAMP	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM	Soluble recombinant LAMP, 30 μg/ml	Rat hippocampal neuron	↑	ω-conotoxin (no inhibition)	[36]
	Microscopy/Fluo-3AM	Soluble recombinant LAMP, 30 μg/ml	Visual cortex neurons	↑	Not tested	[36]
Thy-1	Microscopy /Fura-2AM	Fab fragments of monoclonal Thy-1 antibodies, 10 μg/ml	PC12 cells (cytosol)	No effect	Not tested	[68]
Cadherins
N-cadherin	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Soluble fragments of N-cadherin purified from brain or retina, 10 μg/ml	Chick ciliary ganglion neurons	↑	Mixture of diltiazem and ω-conotoxin (no inhibition)	[39]
N-cadherin	Microscopy/Fura-2AM		(soma, growth cones)	↑	Mixture of diltiazem and ω-conotoxin (no inhibition)	[39]
	Whole cell voltage clamp	Recombinant ectodomain of N-cadherin (N-cadherin-Fc), 20 μg/ml	Chick ciliary ganglion neurons	↑	Not tested	[41]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of N-cadherin (N-cadherin-Fc), 50 μg/ml	Chick retinal ganglion cells	No effect	Not tested	[40]
	Microscopy/FFP-18-AM	Soluble recombinant ectodomain of N-cadherin (N-cadherin-Fc), 50 μg/ml	Chick retinal ganglion cells (subplasma membrane of growth cones)	↑	Mixture of nifedipine and ω-conotoxin (partial inhibition)	[40]
Celsr2/Celsr3	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Soluble recombinant cadherin repeats of Celsr2/Celsr3, 1 μg/ml	Rat hippocampal neurons	↑	Not tested	[38]
Integrins
β Integrin	Microscopy/Fura-2AM, whole cell voltage clamp	RGD peptide (cGRGDSPA), 1 μM	L. stagnalis CNS motoneurons	↑	Not tested	[48]
β Integrin	Microscopy/Fura-2AM, whole cell voltage clamp	RGD peptide (cGRGDSPA), 1 μM	(soma)	↑	Not tested	[48]
	High-speed microscopy/Fluo-4AM	Synthetic RGD peptide (RGDS), 0.5-1 μM	Xenopus spinal neurons (growth cones)	↑	Not tested	[44]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Soluble Laminin, 20 μg/ml	Chick ciliary ganglion neurons (soma)	↑	Mixture of diltiazem and ω-conotoxin (no inhibition)	[39]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Laminin, immobilized to the beads, 50 μg/ml	Chick dorsal root ganglion neurons (growth cones)	No effect	Not tested	[43]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Soluble laminin, 20 μg/ml	Surgically isolated filopodia from growth cones of chick dorsal root ganglion neurons	↑	Not tested	[43]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	RGD peptide (GRGDSP), 10 μM	Mouse cortical neurons (soma and neurites)	↑	Gd³⁺ (partial inhibition)	[45]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	RGD peptide (GRGDSP), 10 μM	Mouse cortical neurons (soma and neurites)	↑	Nifedipine (partial inhibition)	[45]
	Whole cell voltage clamp	Polyclonal α5β1 integrin antibodies, 10 μg/ml	Rat basal forebrain neurons	↑	Not tested	[47]
	Microscopy/Fura-2AM	Syntetic RGD peptide (GRGDSP), 2.5 mM	Rat cortical neurons	↑	Not tested	[46]

^aeffect observed in the presence of Ba²⁺ in the test solution.
CAMs, methods used to detect changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, Ca²⁺ sensitive indicator used in optical recordings, ligands used to activate CAMs, cell type analyzed and subcellular localization of Ca²⁺ changes (if described in the original publication), the effect of CAMs on intracellular Ca²⁺ levels (↑ - indicates an increase), the effect of inhibitors of Ca²⁺ channels on CAM-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ increases, and respective references are listed in the table.

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ISSN: 1478-811X

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