Figure 2

C. jejuni -induced membrane ruffling is dependent on functional lipid rafts, microtubules, and microfilaments, as judged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of cells. Negative and positive controls consisted of uninfected (Panel A) and EGF-treated HeLa cells (Panel B). SEM images of HeLa cells infected with C. jejuni without an inhibitor (Panels C and G) and in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) (Panels D and H), cytochalasin D (Panels E and I), and nocodazole (Panels F and J). Indicated within the figure is the percentage of cells with membrane ruffling of N number of total cells. Arrows indicate C. jejuni associated with host cells. The images shown in Panels A-F were collected at the same magnification and the images shown in Panels G-J were collected at the same magnification.